Edith Nesbit (married name Edith Bland; 15 August 1858 – 4 May 1924) was an English author and poet whose children’s works were published under the androgynous name of E. Nesbit. She wrote or collaborated on over 60 books of fiction for children, several of which have been adapted for film and television. She was also a political activist and co-founded the Fabian Society, a precursor to the modern Labour Party.
She was born in 1858 at 38 Lower Kennington Lane in Kennington, Surrey (now part of Greater London), the daughter of an agricultural chemist, John Collis Nesbit, who died in March 1862, before her fourth birthday. Her sister Mary’s ill health meant that the family moved around constantly for some years, living variously in Brighton, Buckinghamshire, France (Dieppe, Rouen, Paris, Tours, Poitiers, Angouleme, Bordeaux, Arcachon, Pau, Bagneres de Bigorre, and Dinan in Brittany), Spain and Germany, before settling for three years at Halstead Hall in Halstead in north-west Kent, a location which later inspired The Railway Children (this distinction has also been claimed by the Derbyshire town of New Mills).
Edith Nesbit is best known for the stories and novels she wrote for children, and as the creator of the Bastable family. Her fantasy novels Five Children and It, The Phoenix and the Carpet, and The Story of the Amulet established a formula for fantasy writing for children that has been followed by children’s writers all over the world.
Edith Nesbit was the youngest of the four surviving children of John Collis Nesbit, an agricultural chemist of distinction and principal of an agricultural college in Kennington. Edith’s father died when she was three. Her mother ran the college herself for a short while, but, when Edith was nine, decided to move abroad for the health of Edith’s elder sister Mary. Edith and her siblings were thrown into a nomadic existence across France and Germany. Edith hated most of the school she went to, and even tried to run away from one in Germany.
The family came back to England, and when Edith was thirteen, settled into a large country house in Kent. Edith loved this house, and spent much of her time exploring the surroundings with her brothers Alfred and Harry. Edith drew on the house and its surroundings, as well as their way of life, in her books.
Edith married Hubert Bland in 1880. Soon after, Bland fell critically ill with smallpox, and at the same time suffered heavy business losses which left him penniless. Edith supported them through various ways, including selling poems and stories to newspapers. Bland collaborated on some of the stories, and ultimately became a distinguished journalist himself.
The Blands were Socialists, and founder-members of the Fabian Society. Their friends included George Bernard Shaw, another famous Fabian.
Edith’s lifestyle – her short hair, her all-wool clothing, her habit of smoking in public – all proclaimed her to be a woman who was seeking to break out of the mould that convention demanded at the time.
Her books for children, by ‘E. Nesbit’, almost happened on their own, when she was 40. (Her use of the plain initial ‘E’ led to her being mistaken for a man, which delighted her). Stories for children were among her magazine contributions, and in 1892, the firm of Raphael Tuck brought out her first complete book for children, The Voyage of Columbus, in verse. She followed this up by several short stories, collections and articles for magazines. And in 1898 she produced, for the Pall Mall and Windsor magazines, a series of stories about Oswald Bastable and his family. These were published as a book 1899, The Story of the Treasure Seekers, which was instantly successful.
This was followed by more successes – Five Children and It (1902), The Phoenix and the Carpet, The New Treasure Seekers, The Story of the Amulet, The Railway Children…
Hubert Bland died in 1914, and Edith felt her life cut off short by his death. She went through a period of loneliness, ill health and poverty, till 1917, when she married T.T. Tucker, a widowed marine engineer and an old friend. She enlisted him as collaborator for some of her short stories.
Edith died in 1924, at the age of 65.
Edith Nesbit had always dreamed of becoming a writer. She wrote prolifically throughout her life – articles, poems, and stories in a variety of genres. She found her true place in the genre of children’s writing, though she never gave this aspect of her writing the importance it deserved.